Sep 232011
 

Brindling and merling are part of the standards for acceptable colours regarding Cardigan Corgis. However they are not desirable in Pembroke Corgis, and if one crops up in the litter, the breeder is accused of out-crossing; thus contaminating the gene pool. Such accusations do not go unheeded as the Corgis have a very murky history, and there is a conscious effort to keep the distinctions clear.

Prior to 1934, Pembroke and Cardigan Corgis were one unified breed. It wasn’t uncommon for a litter of mixed types to occur. In fact, what was typically done was designate puppies by types and thus they were registered as such. The dialogue probably went like this: “Oh, that one has a long back– Cardi; not sure what that one is supposed to be, but he has a bobtail– Pemmie.” Of such small differences, the breed was split out of regional pride.

For the following decade, brindling became rare in registered Pembrokes. In the edition of her book published in 1937, The Welsh Corgi: Pembrokeshire and Cardiganshire Types, acclaimed Corgi fancier Thelma Gray of the Rozeval Kennel wrote:

 Blue merles are practically unknown in this type today, and brindles are also comparatively rare, though the brindle colour, which comes from one particular strain only, is very dominant and usually produces itself in every brindle-bred litter.

A black and white photograph of a brindled Pembroke Corgi.The strain was maintained by John Holmes of Formakin Kennel, one of the founders of the Welsh Corgi League. With an incompetent terrier unable to exterminate the rats which plagued his land holding in Scotland, Holmes followed up on the Corgis’ reputation for being excellent rat-catcher by approaching Sid Bowler of South Wales for a dwarfed cattle dog. The pup will be later known to us as a bitch named “Nippy of Drumharrow,” the first brindled Pembroke Corgi to receive a champion title. Captured by the amour of the Pembrokeshire on his farm, Holmes set out to be a major player in the world of dogs.

Nippy was bred to the dogs of Rozeval Kennel repeatedly, and brooded ten litters of 41 puppies; 22 were brindled. So, Thelma Gray was correct in her observation the brindle patterning is dominant. However Nippy’s offspring will have a long and rocky road ahead of them.

Around 1948, the Welsh Corgi League held a conference over a revision of the standards. Both Gray and Holmes fought to keep the brindling in the standards as they argued it wasn’t in the best interest in the dogs to narrow the coat colours as it was observed the Corgis were starting to lose their working temperament. The movement to keep the brindle was overruled twice in a thinly-veiled justification to keep the Pembroke as far distinct from the Cardigans as the breeders possibly can. Understandably, Holmes’s interest in the show ring waned and he turned to dog sports as an outlet for his lifelong ambition in studying animal behaviours.

A modern picture of a brindled Pembroke Corgi.

A few months ago, Jess of DesertWindHounds directed me to the attention of a particular Pembroke Corgi, Burtman Jody, from the late ’70s, who happened to be brindled. It was not the first time the brindling cropped up in a litter as a litter occurred twenty years prior in the mid-’50s; it was said the parents of the brindled litter were eight and ten generation removed on either side from a noted brindled Cardigan Corgi in the pedigree. The pedigree of the ’70s freak-of-nature remains unexplored.

In theory, one could root out the pedigrees to expose frauds by tracing back to unknown carriers of the merle alleles or brindling as the puppy and their grandchildren cannot continue to burden the lie about their parents’ or grandparents’ genetics. However, we first must ask themselves how many generations of being masked can evade the eyes of attentive breeders and swoop under the radar. It is highly improbable.

We know brindle (kbr) is always dominant in the absence of black (K); on the other hand, like how merles can be cryptic, brindling can be masked by other genes such as the recessive reds (ee). Brindling is not always easy to detect, as if the coat is dark enough, sometimes it is difficult to see traces of lines. Dilutes may also be hidden within light coats. So, one must be careful before accusing another of crossing a breed.

What is particularly interesting is some loci are prone to breaking. Abnormal traits observed in canines might be in fact a de nevo mutation. Dr. Cattanach described one such incident with a trio of Boxers where the brindle allele hypothetically has mutated. We shall never know the answer to the mystery Corgi of three decades past as brindling is only a recent subject of research.

Sources

The Row About the Brindle Pembroke 2011. Welsh Corgi News. http://www.welshcorgi-news.ch/Leseecke/InfoCorgi/Brindle_Pems_eng.html (accessed June 24, 2011).

Dr. Bruce M. Cattanach. Finding the Gene for Brindle 2006. Steynmere Boxers. http://www.steynmere.com/gene_brindle.html (accessed September 12, 2011).

Images

Brindled Cardigan Corgi Mailbox 2009. Morgan Home Accents. http://www.morganic.com/mha/mailboxes/animail/dogs/mb_mc_brind_cardigan_corgi.html (accessed September 12, 2011). [Thumbnail: Morgan Home Accents]

The Row About the Brindle Pembroke 2011. Welsh Corgi News.http://www.welshcorgi-news.ch/Leseecke/InfoCorgi/Brindle_Pems_eng.html (accessed June 24, 2011). [Article Image #1: Unknown, circa 1930s]

The Row About the Brindle Pembroke 2011. Welsh Corgi News.http://www.welshcorgi-news.ch/Leseecke/InfoCorgi/Brindle_Pems_eng.html (accessed June 24, 2011). [Article Image #2: M. Welsch, circa 1980s; courtesy of Laurie Savoie]

Wiki. 2009. Latest pack member & new friend wiki the corgi. http://wikithecorgi.wordpress.com/2008/02/15/latest-pack-member-new-friend/ (accessed September 12, 2011). [Featured Image: Bea, 2008]

Jul 082011
 


via foxglencorgis.cloudlandcastle.net [Image: Unknown]

There’s an article, entitled “Head of the Class,” from Dog World, Vol. 95, Issue 7, which expanded on the mythological status of the Pembroke Corgi. Unfortunately, the Cardigans got the short end of the stick (again.) However, so the story goes, Pembroke Corgis are the noble steeds of the fairies.

Yes, the faeries domesticated the dogs like we domesticated the horses. The wee folks used them in medieval combat in Wales. Unfortunately, no one ever saw a faerie. However the dwarf steeds have been imprinted! It is without a doubt these dogs are ancient creatures of the magical ones.


via baileythecorgi.blogspot.com [Image: Dog World]

Care and Handling:
“It’s said that Corgis are fairy-bred dog, once serving as steed for the fairie in their homeland of Wales. Look for the saddle across a Corgi’s back or the harness marks behind it shoulder if you don’t believe it.”

Funnily enough, there’s more credence to the myth of “fairy-bred dogs” than Icelandic elves, Australian Shepherds [AINO, Australian in Name Only] or komondorok as Russian retriever outcross for Golden Retrievers. After all, one can visibly see the saddle.

There is actually a poem entitled “Corgi Fantasy” supposedly written by Anne G. Biddlecombe, published in the American Pembroke Standard of 1975:

Would you know where Corgis came from?
How they came to live by mortals?
Hearken to the ancient legend,
Hearken to the story-teller.

On the mountains of the Welsh-land
In its green and pleasant valleys,
Lived the peasant folk of old times,
Lived our fathers and grandfathers;
And they toiled and laboured greatly,
With their cattle and their ploughing,
That their women might have plenty.
And their children journeyed daily,
With the kine upon the mountain,
Seeing that they did not wander,
Did not come to any mischief,
While their fathers ploughed the valley
And their mothers made the cheeses.
‘Till one day they found two puppies
Found them playing in a hollow,
Playing like a pair of fox-cubs.
Burnished gold their coat and colour,
Shining like a piece of satin -
Short and straight and thick their forelegs
And their heads were like a fox’s.
But their eyes were kind and gentle;
Long of body were these dwarf dogs,
And without a tail behind them.

Now the children stayed all day there,
And they learned to love the dwarf-dogs,
Shared their bread and water with them,
Took them home with them at even.
Made a cosy basket for them,
Made them welcome in the kitchen,
Made them welcome in the homestead.

When the men came home at sunset
Saw them lying in the basket,
Heard the tale the children told them,
How they found them in the mountain,
Found them playing in the hollow -
They were filled with joy and wonder,
Said it was a fairy present,
Was a present from the wee folk,
For their father told a legend
How the fairies kept some dwarf dogs.
Called them Corgis – Fairy heelers;
Made them work the fairy cattle,
Made them pull the fairy coaches,
Made them steeds for fairy riders,
Made them fairy children’s playmates;
Kept them hidden in the mountains,
Kept them in the mountain’s shadow,
Lest the eye of mortal see one.

Now the Corgis grew and prospered,
And the fairies’ life was in them,
In the lightness of their movement,
In the quickness of their turning,
In their badness and their goodness.
And they learnt to work for mortals,
Learnt to love their mortal masters,
Learnt to work their master’s cattle,
Learnt to play with mortal children.

Now in every vale and hamlet,
In the valleys and the mountains,
From the little town of Tenby,
By the Port of Milford Haven,
To St. David’s Head and Fishguard,
In the valley of the Cleddau,
On the mountains of Preselly,
Lives the Pembrokeshire Welsh Corgi,
Lives the Corgi with his master.

Should you doubt this ancient story,
Laugh and scoff and call it nonsense,
Look and see the saddle markings
Where the fairy warriors rode them.
(As they ride them still at midnight,
On Midsummer’s Eve at midnight,
When we mortals all are sleeping.)

Long, long ago in days of yore,
It might’ve been sooner, if not before,
Along a mountain track there came,
A gallant Corgi of quite some fame.
And there beside the track he spied
A maiden fair, who to him cried,
Oh kindly Corgi, hear my plea;
I’ve fallen off my horse you see.
And so before you further roam
Would you, please sir, take me home?
So said the Corgi, I do confess;
How could I leave you in distress?
So climb upon my back fair maid
I’ll take you home, as you have bade.
And so the Corgi started forth;
My home’s a castle to the north.
They journeyed there, and at her door
She cried, I should have said before,
I’m a fairy princess sir, you see,
And for your kindness to me,
I’ll leave upon your back
All traces of the fairy tack.
And till this day you still can find
The fairy’s saddle to remind,
How the Corgi helped the princess fair,
And just as well for You he will care.

Now I know where this ridiculous webcomic about faeries riding reined dogs into battle comes from:


via pvponline.com [Image: Scott R. Kurtz]

This whole fairy piffle is more legendary than Salukis being thousands of years old, or Afghans are Biblical dogs boarding the Noah’s Ark. It doesn’t top the awesomeness of Pugs or Pekingese as Chinese guardian lions; but if one is going to create a breed myth, they might as well go all out with wee magical folks!

Jun 242011
 

Found this amusing photograph of the Formakin Kennel owned by a famous dog trainer, John Holmes; also one of the founders of the British Welsh Corgi League. He had quite a menagerie. It is interesting to note while Holmes was interested in showing dogs in the 1930s and 1940s, his interest in the ring waned in the ’50s and focused more on working trials and performance sports instead.


via welshcorgi-news.ch [Image: Unknown, 1950s]

Jun 032011
 

Bob Llwyd was stuff of legends, not really; however he is a significant figure in the history of the Cardigan Corgis. Like Topsy the Vallhund, he was the dog in which the Caridigan Club based their breed standards upon. Why is it so important to know about Bob Llwyd? He was indirectly involved in the breed split of 1934 when the final draft was drawn.


via jones-rees.co.uk [Image: Unknown, circa 1920s]

Published standards below:



via cwrtyci-cardigan-corgi.com

May 062011
 

Another corgi, predating influential Geler Kennel, that’s more terrier-like than being big-boned dwarfs: Southmore Tiny, born 1923. From 1927 Crufts show catalogue:

via jones-rees.co.uk [Image: Unknown, circa 1920s]

The Cardigan Welsh Corgi Club is making a great effort to revive this almost extinct breed used on the mountains for bringing in the ponies. They are also delightful pets and full of intelligence and pluck. The above bitch is very typical of her breed and a rich black, tan and white with great turn of speed for her size.

Apr 292011
 

Ever wonder why the Queen keeps dorgis: corgi-dachshund crosses? Well, if one looks at old photographs of the original Cardigan Corgis, they will find a few terrier-like specimens. Among these specimens was “Mon,” a dog rumoured to be the last of the original Corgi. Obviously, the old photographs inspired the Queen to recreate the type:

via www.cardicommentary.de[PDF] [Image: Unknown, circa 1920s]

Early historians, W. Lloyd Thomas and Clifford L.B. Hubbard, in the 1930s, theorized the corgis of yore derived from the ancient teckels. Here is where breeders of today mistakenly conclude Cardigan Corgis came from what we think of dachshunds. No, Hubbard and Thomas were describing a type, not a breed. Considering one can find short-legged dogs all over Europe being used either as terriers or turnspit dogs prior to the turn of the 20th century, it is not a far-fetched theory. Without any genetic evidence, the teckel or turnspit theories are equally valid as the idea of Vikings bringing small dogs to the British Isles.

However, accordingly to Thomas and Hubbard, the Welsh corgis were originally used as varmint dogs, for fox-hunting and for guarding the crofters’ small-holdings as well as their share of the Commons. Why did such puny little dogs need to guard a crofter’s property? Prior to 1875, most of the land was unfenced, and these tenant farmers needed a dog to drive the neighbours’ trespassing cattle off of their properties and off their claims to the grazing lands to ensure lush pastures. Obviously a dog of intelligence was required to sort out which are his owner’s cattle, and which are the neighbours’.

With the Crown Land broken up, fragments sold to the crofters then properties fenced, the corgis were crossed with other herding dogs, such as the popular dogs of the day, Scotch Collie, to create heelers. The farmers no longer needed dogs to drive trespassing cattle away, but rather to fetch them and bring the livestocks home. These pioneering collie-corgi crosses eventually became the modern type of Cardigan Corgi established by the Geler Kennel.

Unfortunately for Mon, the last recorded dog of his type, he was said to be struck by an automobile in 1929. Instead, his genes were immersed in the heeler-type we see today.

However, if we accept this version of history from the Cardigan folks, all of this possesses an issue: are Vallhunds and Corgis are even related? Sure, they might share the same alleles; but are they even first cousins, as asserted by Pembroke breeders? Considering the Corgis had such radical evolution in behaviour and appearance over the centuries, it begs the question: how did the Vallhunds turn from short-legged dogs of the Viking graves into the cattle dogs of today? Obviously, both the Corgi and Vallhund landraces came from turnspit-like terriers; however it is dubious they share the same historical evolutionary path to arrive at an uncanny convergent function.

Apr 152011
 

[Image: Evergreen Films]

Paddy Burns made such a bizarre statement last week about the European heeler landrace. He got so wrapped up in the notion of a perfectly chiseled working dog, he ignored the fact blue-collared workers are not robotic adhering to the same standards across the board.

Admittedly, short-legged drovers are not in high demand in North America since people work with the breeding stocks available locally. However working corgis do exist: they exist on lifestyle farms; they exist on organic dairy farms; and sometimes they act as a backup in conjunction with another droving dog on large ranches and all of this can be found in Canada. Elsewhere? In fact, Scottie was kind enough to provide a video taken in Sweden:

Let ignore the blasphemous and traitorous act of owning a Cardigan in the heartland of the Västgötaspets. Let look past the fact the description of the video, which faulty translates to “Pinch humps cows.” Instead, let analyze why they have working dwarfed heelers. See, in Sweden, all cattle must graze outdoors; this is contrary to the North American practice of cooped up livestocks stuffed with barley, corn and soy. Yes, even Vallhunds are still being used to move herds from pastures to pastures throughout the day as part of a routine. A farmer within the Swedish system of raising dairy cows is a sharp contrast to being hired hand going on a drive alongside bullheaded beef cattle through Montana and the Rockies, or moving them along from station to station in the Australian Outback for weeks on ends once or twice a year. These cowboys cannot be blamed preferring Australian Shepherds and Cattle Dogs: they selected for rugged dogs with endurance to take on aggressive bovines during a perilous trek. However one cannot paint over the world-wide cattle industry with the same brush.

Why would one need a dog that is so high energy, it would worry the livestocks all the time? If one’s business model doesn’t fit the dog’s niché, the dog doesn’t get hired. Sorry, trialled Border Collies, you’re over-qualified.

Corgis are supposedly so defunct now, they even lost their role as hunting curs after hippies decided hunting with dogs was inhumane. Sorry, conformation or the show ring don’t play a role in the phasing out of functional corgis; regulations and the ever-changing agricultural culture do. Even the Border curs’ days are numbered; like how the Enclosure Acts in Britain led to the decline of the corgis, factory-farming will lead to the decline of the collies. The only hope these dogs have is if the granolas managed to work against Thomas Malthus’s formula and convince the bigheads organic and free-range are worthwhile business investments to line their pockets with. Surely, by now, corgi addicts will start amassing supports for hipsters with green thumbs in order to preserve their two favourite breeds. Perfect.

If Paddy criticized the trend for breeding shorter legs in comparison to what corgis were, pre-1940s, then this blogger would jump on the band wagon; but suggesting they were never a working dog and ignoring socio-economic factors is simply criminal. Face it, not every farmer wants a Border Collie just like not every hunter wants a Jack Russell or a Labrador. The problem with being an armchair analyst, someone will prove them wrong. Surely, there must be more working corgis who pay taxes than employed terriermen?

Mar 042011
 

via jones-rees.co.uk (circa 1920s) [Image: Unknown]

“Clydey Bob.” There’s not a lot of information available for “Clydey Bob” in the Internet world; but I am willing to bet if I hit the books and ask hard questions, I can find out more about the early corgis. Actually, tail-docking is one of the characteristics that separate the curs of Pembrokeshire from those of the Cardigan.

To be honest, the early registrations regarding the corgis are a bit shoddy since Welsh farmers were trying to register their dogs in English while their native tongue was of another. Nonetheless, these early photographs are breath-taking.

Jan 072011
 

After Riley was diagnosed with valgus of about 15 degrees turning outward, someone asked if Swedish Vallhunds are achondroplastic dwarfs. Honestly, I don’t know.

Normal German Shepherds, Golden Retrievers, virtually all breeds can get valgus too. However dwarfed dogs, especially of achondroplastic variety, are more suspectible to issues with cartilages. Hence why I am reserved wheither or not the Vallhunds are achondroplastic or not since the dog genome haven’t been mapped out, and not all the disorders have been discovered or named– let alone understood. However the little spitzes of the West Goths are functionally medium-sized dogs with reduced limbs. Let assume Vallhunds are one of the achondroplastics.

First off, achondroplasia in dogs is different from humans. Why? We understand how the genes interplay in humans. We still only grasped a small piece within dogs. So, achondroplasia in dogs is a description of the phenotype, not the actual genes at play.

I know the two breeds of Welsh corgis are considered to be achondroplastic. And while discussing with Riley’s breeder, she never heard valgus or varus being an issue in the Vallhunds. No one ever talk about it. It could be that Vallhunds are not widespread enough for these issues to be reported by their owners. However if the corgis are considered as achondroplastic, isn’t it logical to conclude Vallhunds are too?

From what I can find out, dwarfed breeds have fragile growth plates. If the dogs somehow injury the growth plates by exerting too much pressure or force, ie. jumping, getting a limb caught, excessive weight or playing too rough, can cause signs of limb-twisting in puppies. Often these traumas are too small to be noticed, and dogs don’t really express, if anything, if such traumas occurred. Otherwise if there is no damage done to the cartilages between the joints, the puppies will grow to be straight-legged adults. So it is not a bad thing for the dogs to be a dwarf, just they have their own issues like every other classification of dogs.

There are people out there who view achondroplasia as a genetic detect or a fault. However this is rather an absurd viewpoint; because if one has knowledge of evolution, they would know any genes that could be expressed could prove advantageous if the environment pressure the organisms into becoming so. Those with unfavourable genes don’t thrive to breed and are either suppressed or phased out, while those with good genes continue to exploit their niché. When the environment changes, it equalizes the playing field and reshuffle the deck. One would only have to look at insular giantism and dwarfism, both considered as faults by us, but the “faulty” organisms thrive in those environments. So it would be improper view genes with certain consequences as faults.

So I begun wondering: if achondroplastic dogs are not up to speed with their leggier cousins and tire more easily, what’s the point of breeding for these dogs? Surely, in this day and age of companionship, there’s a reason for striving for such look; but many of the dwarfed dogs are much older. What kind of environmental and economic pressures force these dogs to become dwarfs?

Yes, dwarfed herding dogs are supposedly bred to nip at the heel and duck under the kicks of the livestocks; but so can Australian Cattle Dogs and they’re not dwarfed. I am not entirely sold on the idea that short-legged dogs are better for rocky and hilly terrain as there are leggy hunting dogs with gaits to deal with such ruggedness. To say the small dogs are better with small tasks is fallacious in itself since even family farms use the same dogs used on large properties. So what gives?

So, being the amateur historian I am, I wonder if the socio-economic affairs of the ancient Swedes and Welsh was the final nail which caused people to favour these farm curs over other dogs. Otherwise these dwarfs would had not survive into modern times after agricultural practices changed just prior to the Industrial Revolution.

The compass is currently at the economic cost of a dog. My theory is: during tough times, it’s favourable to have a dog who doesn’t take food from the table by hunting too many small games to satisfy its hunger. Perhaps someone else would like a shine a light on the issue to why it’s favourable to have a dwarf of disportional sizes?

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