Apr 192012
 

Over the course of the last year I have been assembling information on the Swedish Vallhunds. The starting point was my own dog with a five-generation pedigree. At first the state of the breed seems to be relatively positive with low Co-efficient of Inbreeding (COI) once I have plugged in data, provided through SVPedigrees maintained by Sharon Donaldson in Australia; using Microsoft Excel and OpenOffice Spreadsheet at first then later BreedMate PedX. However, there were many holes in his pedigree.

A much more comprehensive dataset was extracted from Worldwide Swedish Vallhunds – Västgötaspets Pedigree
Database
once kept by the now-deceased Leone Darling. It is rather a shame due to the death of a predominant breed historian, the domain will one day be taken down once it expires since the information is much more complete with far fewer errors. Using the dataset from Ms. Darling provided a much clearer picture.

When Christopher Landauer revealed one must go back to the founders to get a more reliable calibration of a dog’s COI, a graph of why it is not enough to look at the COI(3) and COI(5) was produced. With Riley, we will take a look at the COI(29).

Distressed by the relatively high COI, more information on the founders and popular sires and brood bitches was needed. To understand why such a high COI was procured, we must first understand what a pedigree collapse is. However the entire tree is relatively compact and there are a few noticeable collapses at a glance. The good news is they are not frequent. The bad news is not all the known founders are included in his complete pedigree. This hints the possibility several lines died out.

Pedigree tree highlighting repeated ancestors generated with PedX.

When inquiring numerous breeders about this issue with Riley, it was learned he is very typical of the breed. In fact, he is a relatively accurate sample of the Swedish Vallhund population.

So what happened? The modern population of Swedish Vallhunds, in which there is approximately 500 registrations world-wide every year, once had a more diverse ancestral base. A great number of potentials were rejected due to poor understanding of recessives and lack of knowledge of concepts essential to population genetics and quantitative genetics such as allele frequency and polygenes when the breeding program first initiated even though the rejects had obvious influences or characteristics. Ontop of the inability to recognize suitors, many of the progeny were sold unregistered and only the ones who were seen as ideal for breeding were registered for many decades after the founding of the Swedish Vallhunds. In addition, there were a few kennels between 1960s and 1970s producing surpluses of puppies which coincided with the extinction of several dam-lines and a a couple of sire-lines in the 1970s and 1980s. The bleeding of the breed slowed down when the Swedish Kennelklubben mandated entire litters must be registered in the 1980s, and a rule was passed in the 1990s stating a sire cannot contribute more than 5% of the existing gene-pool. As the result, conductor was able to slow down the train to hell.

However using pedigree software are quite limiting and they don’t tell us a great deal of information. There are quite a few of them out there. One of the easiest software to utilize, often used in population genetics, ecology and conservation biology for visualization, although the original purpose of the software was for discovering new relations between proteins in biochemstry and genomic laboratories, is an open-source network analysis program such as: Cyptoscope, Gephi, Pajek, BioLayout Express3D. There are plenty of software floating around on the Internet which regurge useful information.

In the next post, an illustration using a node-mapping software will be provided and explained. We will walk through as we add more information to the dataset and change how it is processed, different interpretations arise. We will also explore why in a competitive world where everyone is more concerned with their self-image, a pedigree record is rather limiting. A pedigree is a tool which only becomes more useful as more hard data is added.

Oct 282011
 

Do you see any ducks? Sheep? No? What the heck are these giant animals? There is no way such a low-to-ground dog could handle such beasts! Oh, yes, it’s a Västgötaspets: the cattle dog of Lilliput, brought to Sweden by dear Gulliver.

Swedish Vallhund Working Cattle (Photo: G. Smedberg, 1987)

Okay, okay. It’s hard not to relish defying intellectual dishonesty and denialism and rubbing these photographs into holier-than-thou so-called “working” people who don’t depend on livestocks as a lifeline.


Images

Vallning  http://www.fjoseskennel.se/vallning.htm (accessed March 16, 2011). [Photo: G. Smedberg, 1987]

Sep 232011
 

Brindling and merling are part of the standards for acceptable colours regarding Cardigan Corgis. However they are not desirable in Pembroke Corgis, and if one crops up in the litter, the breeder is accused of out-crossing; thus contaminating the gene pool. Such accusations do not go unheeded as the Corgis have a very murky history, and there is a conscious effort to keep the distinctions clear.

Prior to 1934, Pembroke and Cardigan Corgis were one unified breed. It wasn’t uncommon for a litter of mixed types to occur. In fact, what was typically done was designate puppies by types and thus they were registered as such. The dialogue probably went like this: “Oh, that one has a long back– Cardi; not sure what that one is supposed to be, but he has a bobtail– Pemmie.” Of such small differences, the breed was split out of regional pride.

For the following decade, brindling became rare in registered Pembrokes. In the edition of her book published in 1937, The Welsh Corgi: Pembrokeshire and Cardiganshire Types, acclaimed Corgi fancier Thelma Gray of the Rozeval Kennel wrote:

 Blue merles are practically unknown in this type today, and brindles are also comparatively rare, though the brindle colour, which comes from one particular strain only, is very dominant and usually produces itself in every brindle-bred litter.

A black and white photograph of a brindled Pembroke Corgi.The strain was maintained by John Holmes of Formakin Kennel, one of the founders of the Welsh Corgi League. With an incompetent terrier unable to exterminate the rats which plagued his land holding in Scotland, Holmes followed up on the Corgis’ reputation for being excellent rat-catcher by approaching Sid Bowler of South Wales for a dwarfed cattle dog. The pup will be later known to us as a bitch named “Nippy of Drumharrow,” the first brindled Pembroke Corgi to receive a champion title. Captured by the amour of the Pembrokeshire on his farm, Holmes set out to be a major player in the world of dogs.

Nippy was bred to the dogs of Rozeval Kennel repeatedly, and brooded ten litters of 41 puppies; 22 were brindled. So, Thelma Gray was correct in her observation the brindle patterning is dominant. However Nippy’s offspring will have a long and rocky road ahead of them.

Around 1948, the Welsh Corgi League held a conference over a revision of the standards. Both Gray and Holmes fought to keep the brindling in the standards as they argued it wasn’t in the best interest in the dogs to narrow the coat colours as it was observed the Corgis were starting to lose their working temperament. The movement to keep the brindle was overruled twice in a thinly-veiled justification to keep the Pembroke as far distinct from the Cardigans as the breeders possibly can. Understandably, Holmes’s interest in the show ring waned and he turned to dog sports as an outlet for his lifelong ambition in studying animal behaviours.

A modern picture of a brindled Pembroke Corgi.

A few months ago, Jess of DesertWindHounds directed me to the attention of a particular Pembroke Corgi, Burtman Jody, from the late ’70s, who happened to be brindled. It was not the first time the brindling cropped up in a litter as a litter occurred twenty years prior in the mid-’50s; it was said the parents of the brindled litter were eight and ten generation removed on either side from a noted brindled Cardigan Corgi in the pedigree. The pedigree of the ’70s freak-of-nature remains unexplored.

In theory, one could root out the pedigrees to expose frauds by tracing back to unknown carriers of the merle alleles or brindling as the puppy and their grandchildren cannot continue to burden the lie about their parents’ or grandparents’ genetics. However, we first must ask themselves how many generations of being masked can evade the eyes of attentive breeders and swoop under the radar. It is highly improbable.

We know brindle (kbr) is always dominant in the absence of black (K); on the other hand, like how merles can be cryptic, brindling can be masked by other genes such as the recessive reds (ee). Brindling is not always easy to detect, as if the coat is dark enough, sometimes it is difficult to see traces of lines. Dilutes may also be hidden within light coats. So, one must be careful before accusing another of crossing a breed.

What is particularly interesting is some loci are prone to breaking. Abnormal traits observed in canines might be in fact a de nevo mutation. Dr. Cattanach described one such incident with a trio of Boxers where the brindle allele hypothetically has mutated. We shall never know the answer to the mystery Corgi of three decades past as brindling is only a recent subject of research.

Sources

The Row About the Brindle Pembroke 2011. Welsh Corgi News. http://www.welshcorgi-news.ch/Leseecke/InfoCorgi/Brindle_Pems_eng.html (accessed June 24, 2011).

Dr. Bruce M. Cattanach. Finding the Gene for Brindle 2006. Steynmere Boxers. http://www.steynmere.com/gene_brindle.html (accessed September 12, 2011).

Images

Brindled Cardigan Corgi Mailbox 2009. Morgan Home Accents. http://www.morganic.com/mha/mailboxes/animail/dogs/mb_mc_brind_cardigan_corgi.html (accessed September 12, 2011). [Thumbnail: Morgan Home Accents]

The Row About the Brindle Pembroke 2011. Welsh Corgi News.http://www.welshcorgi-news.ch/Leseecke/InfoCorgi/Brindle_Pems_eng.html (accessed June 24, 2011). [Article Image #1: Unknown, circa 1930s]

The Row About the Brindle Pembroke 2011. Welsh Corgi News.http://www.welshcorgi-news.ch/Leseecke/InfoCorgi/Brindle_Pems_eng.html (accessed June 24, 2011). [Article Image #2: M. Welsch, circa 1980s; courtesy of Laurie Savoie]

Wiki. 2009. Latest pack member & new friend wiki the corgi. http://wikithecorgi.wordpress.com/2008/02/15/latest-pack-member-new-friend/ (accessed September 12, 2011). [Featured Image: Bea, 2008]

Sep 092011
 

Meet Jesper.

It is said one can still find unregistered Swedish Vallhunds, Norrbottenspitzes and Finnish Spitzes in the countryside. Somehow it is dubious. However there is merit to such rumours.

It was not uncommon for Finnish hunters to travel to Russia in search for a quality hunting dog since, in their opinion, either the native strain is either too specialized in upland games; or they were watered down by the show rings. However in Russian territory, these red dogs were not registered as Finnish Spitz by the  Russian Kynological Federation (RKF), yet the unregistered dogs still have FKC pedigrees behind them. In fact, some of the buyers truly thought they were purchasing FKC-registered dogs, but returned home to find they weren’t. This created a bit of a problem. So it became common for dogs to be evaluated based on their merits and thus were officially entered into the system. Norrbottenspitz also has a theoretical open registry as well.[1]

In fact, for many decades, unregistered Vallhunds were added to the system after von Rosen and Gustav came to a realization they could not get the coveted all-grey breed, as the litters kept throwing reds and yellows; and to narrow the gene pool with only a handful of founders in 1940s would be forcing the breed to commit kamikaze. Upon such epiphany they expanded the program from only three founders to more than than about two dozens key founders.[2]

In Jesper’s case, however, his grandparents were registered; but his parents never were. Unfortunately, his pedigree still traces back to the original dogs. Nevertheless, with assistence of the local breed club, he was officially entered into the system in 1996. Since then, he became a part of several dogs’ pedigrees today.

However, given the Vallhunds have relatively few founders, albeit much more than most rare breeds, every drop of blood is precious. They cannot afford the same luxury of a severe bottleneck Border Collies undergo.[3]

Footnotes

  1. The Swedish Kennel Club and Finnish Kennel Club allows members to petition the breed club to evaluate the dogs to be registered as purebred without demanding pedigrees. (“Registreringsbestämmelser”, 2011, 13)[source]
    Back to text
  2. Swedish Vallhund originated from 20 dogs and bitches during the early years. (“Key Foundation Dogs”, 2009)[source]
    Back to text
  3. Despite the fact over 5,000 Border Collies are registered with the ISDS every year, there was only 3,000 founders to begin with and only half produced offspring. In the recent years, only about a third still has influence over the overall gene pool. Out of those 600-some remaining founders, the genome only reflects eight individuals. This tells us low Co-efficient of Inbreeding, high registrations and and wide pedigrees do not paint the full picture of a dog’s genetic background. (Christopher Landauer, 2011)[source]
    Back to text

References

Christopher Landauer (2011, April 21). Only 8 Border Collies. Retrieved September 3, 2011 from http://www.astraean.com/borderwars/2011/04/only-8-border-collies.html.
Return to footnote

Key Foundation Dogs 2009. World Wide Swedish Vallhund Alliance. http://www.wwsva.com/key-foundation-dogs (accessed September 3, 2011)
Return to footnote

Registreringsbestämmelser 2011. Olso: Svenska Kennelklubben.
Return to footnote

Images

pedigree. www.svpedigrees.com. http://www.svpedigrees.com/modules/animal/pedigree.php?pedid=6198 (accessed August 29, 2011).

Susanne Karlsson. About Jesper Fixan’s Kennel. http://www.kennelviking.se/engsida/jesper.htm (accessed August 29, 2011)

Jul 152011
 

Someone call the ambulance. I think the trial folks are kneeling over. We need a crash cart, stat!

via fjoseskennel.se [Image: G. Smedberg, 1987]

The weird thing is: there are more photographs and videos available of working dogs in Sweden and Finland than there are of Pembroke Corgis in Wales. I wonder how many documented cases there are of achondroplastic dwarves working in North America.

Side-note: Not dog porn, the title was inspired by a faulty translation, “Pinch humps cows,” by Google of a YouTube clip from an older post: “What? Working Corgis?!”.

Jul 082011
 


via foxglencorgis.cloudlandcastle.net [Image: Unknown]

There’s an article, entitled “Head of the Class,” from Dog World, Vol. 95, Issue 7, which expanded on the mythological status of the Pembroke Corgi. Unfortunately, the Cardigans got the short end of the stick (again.) However, so the story goes, Pembroke Corgis are the noble steeds of the fairies.

Yes, the faeries domesticated the dogs like we domesticated the horses. The wee folks used them in medieval combat in Wales. Unfortunately, no one ever saw a faerie. However the dwarf steeds have been imprinted! It is without a doubt these dogs are ancient creatures of the magical ones.


via baileythecorgi.blogspot.com [Image: Dog World]

Care and Handling:
“It’s said that Corgis are fairy-bred dog, once serving as steed for the fairie in their homeland of Wales. Look for the saddle across a Corgi’s back or the harness marks behind it shoulder if you don’t believe it.”

Funnily enough, there’s more credence to the myth of “fairy-bred dogs” than Icelandic elves, Australian Shepherds [AINO, Australian in Name Only] or komondorok as Russian retriever outcross for Golden Retrievers. After all, one can visibly see the saddle.

There is actually a poem entitled “Corgi Fantasy” supposedly written by Anne G. Biddlecombe, published in the American Pembroke Standard of 1975:

Would you know where Corgis came from?
How they came to live by mortals?
Hearken to the ancient legend,
Hearken to the story-teller.

On the mountains of the Welsh-land
In its green and pleasant valleys,
Lived the peasant folk of old times,
Lived our fathers and grandfathers;
And they toiled and laboured greatly,
With their cattle and their ploughing,
That their women might have plenty.
And their children journeyed daily,
With the kine upon the mountain,
Seeing that they did not wander,
Did not come to any mischief,
While their fathers ploughed the valley
And their mothers made the cheeses.
‘Till one day they found two puppies
Found them playing in a hollow,
Playing like a pair of fox-cubs.
Burnished gold their coat and colour,
Shining like a piece of satin -
Short and straight and thick their forelegs
And their heads were like a fox’s.
But their eyes were kind and gentle;
Long of body were these dwarf dogs,
And without a tail behind them.

Now the children stayed all day there,
And they learned to love the dwarf-dogs,
Shared their bread and water with them,
Took them home with them at even.
Made a cosy basket for them,
Made them welcome in the kitchen,
Made them welcome in the homestead.

When the men came home at sunset
Saw them lying in the basket,
Heard the tale the children told them,
How they found them in the mountain,
Found them playing in the hollow -
They were filled with joy and wonder,
Said it was a fairy present,
Was a present from the wee folk,
For their father told a legend
How the fairies kept some dwarf dogs.
Called them Corgis – Fairy heelers;
Made them work the fairy cattle,
Made them pull the fairy coaches,
Made them steeds for fairy riders,
Made them fairy children’s playmates;
Kept them hidden in the mountains,
Kept them in the mountain’s shadow,
Lest the eye of mortal see one.

Now the Corgis grew and prospered,
And the fairies’ life was in them,
In the lightness of their movement,
In the quickness of their turning,
In their badness and their goodness.
And they learnt to work for mortals,
Learnt to love their mortal masters,
Learnt to work their master’s cattle,
Learnt to play with mortal children.

Now in every vale and hamlet,
In the valleys and the mountains,
From the little town of Tenby,
By the Port of Milford Haven,
To St. David’s Head and Fishguard,
In the valley of the Cleddau,
On the mountains of Preselly,
Lives the Pembrokeshire Welsh Corgi,
Lives the Corgi with his master.

Should you doubt this ancient story,
Laugh and scoff and call it nonsense,
Look and see the saddle markings
Where the fairy warriors rode them.
(As they ride them still at midnight,
On Midsummer’s Eve at midnight,
When we mortals all are sleeping.)

Long, long ago in days of yore,
It might’ve been sooner, if not before,
Along a mountain track there came,
A gallant Corgi of quite some fame.
And there beside the track he spied
A maiden fair, who to him cried,
Oh kindly Corgi, hear my plea;
I’ve fallen off my horse you see.
And so before you further roam
Would you, please sir, take me home?
So said the Corgi, I do confess;
How could I leave you in distress?
So climb upon my back fair maid
I’ll take you home, as you have bade.
And so the Corgi started forth;
My home’s a castle to the north.
They journeyed there, and at her door
She cried, I should have said before,
I’m a fairy princess sir, you see,
And for your kindness to me,
I’ll leave upon your back
All traces of the fairy tack.
And till this day you still can find
The fairy’s saddle to remind,
How the Corgi helped the princess fair,
And just as well for You he will care.

Now I know where this ridiculous webcomic about faeries riding reined dogs into battle comes from:


via pvponline.com [Image: Scott R. Kurtz]

This whole fairy piffle is more legendary than Salukis being thousands of years old, or Afghans are Biblical dogs boarding the Noah’s Ark. It doesn’t top the awesomeness of Pugs or Pekingese as Chinese guardian lions; but if one is going to create a breed myth, they might as well go all out with wee magical folks!

Jun 242011
 

Found this amusing photograph of the Formakin Kennel owned by a famous dog trainer, John Holmes; also one of the founders of the British Welsh Corgi League. He had quite a menagerie. It is interesting to note while Holmes was interested in showing dogs in the 1930s and 1940s, his interest in the ring waned in the ’50s and focused more on working trials and performance sports instead.


via welshcorgi-news.ch [Image: Unknown, 1950s]

Jun 032011
 

Bob Llwyd was stuff of legends, not really; however he is a significant figure in the history of the Cardigan Corgis. Like Topsy the Vallhund, he was the dog in which the Caridigan Club based their breed standards upon. Why is it so important to know about Bob Llwyd? He was indirectly involved in the breed split of 1934 when the final draft was drawn.


via jones-rees.co.uk [Image: Unknown, circa 1920s]

Published standards below:



via cwrtyci-cardigan-corgi.com

May 202011
 

Look, a working Vallhund!

via fjoseskennel.se [Image: G. Smedberg, 1980s]

Who ever said cobby dogs cannot work a cow? Or even a whole herd? Oh, wait, did America’s only professional terrierman say that? Gracious me.

Related Posts Plugin for WordPress, Blogger...